Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yog hais txog lub tshuab hluav taws xob batch nrog lub tshuab nplawm. Raws li lub siab xav tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm kev qhib, kaw, ib txwm muaj siab, siab siab lossis tsis zoo.
Hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj, kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub reactor thiab ib puag ncig ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, lub reactor tawg kev huam yuaj tshwm sim los ntawm negligence tau muab cov tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam ib tug wake-up hu. Zoo li cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev nyab xeeb, yog tias muab tso rau tsis raug thiab tsis zoo, yuav ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub reactor yog raws li nram no:
Pub mis yuam kev
Yog tias qhov kev pub mis ceev dhau lawm, qhov kev pub mis tsis muaj kev tswj hwm, lossis qhov kev noj zaub mov tsis raug, yuav tshwm sim sai sai. Yog tias qhov txias txias tsis tuaj yeem ua kom sib xyaw ua ke, cov cua kub sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsim, ua rau cov khoom siv thermally decomposed, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam sai ntawm cov khoom thiab cov pa roj ntau ntau. Kev tawg tshwm sim.
pipeline xau
Thaum pub mis, rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj siab, yog tias cov yeeb nkab tsis qhib, thaum lub twj tso kua mis siv los thauj cov khoom ua kua rau hauv lub hwj, lub siab zoo yog yooj yim tsim nyob rau hauv lub hwj, uas yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau cov khoom siv yeeb nkab txuas. tawg, thiab cov khoom xau tuaj yeem ua rau tus kheej raug mob. Hlawv xwm txheej. Thaum unloading, yog hais tias cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub boiling dej tsis txias mus rau lub teev qhov kub thiab txias (feem ntau yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv qis dua 50 degree), cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub kub kub yog yooj yim deteriorate thiab nws yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau cov khoom txaws thiab scald tus neeg teb xov tooj. .
cua kub ceev heev
Vim lub cua kub ceev heev, tsis tshua muaj cua txias thiab tsis zoo condensation nyhuv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub kettle, nws yuav ua rau cov ntaub ntawv boil, tsim ib tug sib tov ntawm vapor thiab kua theem, thiab ua kom lub siab. Cov khoom siv thiab lwm yam kev siv lub siab nyem siv lub zog nyem thiab xuas nrig ntaus. Yog hais tias cov khoom xuas nrig ntaus tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub siab ceev, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo tawg ntawm lub raj mis.
Kho kub
Thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub hwj, yog hais tias hluav taws xob welding, roj txiav tu cov hauj lwm yog ua tsis tau raws li kev tiv thaiv zoo, los yog sparks yog generated los ntawm nruj bolts thiab hlau cov khoom, ib zaug flammable thiab explosive leaking cov ntaub ntawv, tej zaum yuav ua rau. hluav taws thiab tawg. ACIDENT.
Kev tsim khoom siv
Kev tsim tsis tsim nyog ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv tsis tu ncua, kev teeb tsa tsis raug ntawm vuam seams, thiab lwm yam, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab; Kev xaiv cov khoom siv tsis raug, kev vuam tsis zoo thaum tsim lub thawv, thiab kev kho cua sov tsis zoo tuaj yeem txo qhov toughness ntawm cov khoom; lub thawv plhaub Lub cev yog eroded los ntawm corrosive media, lub zog yog txo los yog cov khoom siv kev nyab xeeb ploj lawm, thiab lwm yam, uas yuav ua rau lub thawv tawg thaum siv.
Reacting tawm ntawm kev tswj
Ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, xws li oxidation, chlorination, nitration, polymerization, thiab lwm yam, yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv exothermic. Yog hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm mus los ntawm kev tswj los yog ntsib teeb meem tam sim ntawd los yog dej tawm, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshav kub yuav sib sau, thiab kub thiab siab nyob rau hauv lub reactor yuav nce sharply. Nws lub siab tsis kam tuaj yeem ua rau lub thawv tawg. Cov khoom raug tshem tawm los ntawm qhov tawg, uas tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws kub thiab tawg tawg; qhov tawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kettle ua rau lub xeev sib npaug ntawm cov khoom vapor siab yuav tsum raug rhuav tshem, thiab cov kua tsis ruaj tsis khov superheated yuav ua rau cov khoom tawg (steam explosion); Qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hwj yog ntim los ntawm cov tee los yog cov vapors ntawm cov kua dej uas muaj hluav taws kub, thiab 3 qhov tawg (sib xyaw roj tawg) yuav tshwm sim thaum muaj qhov hluav taws kub.
Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv khiav tawm yog: cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshav kub tsis raug tshem tawm hauv lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis sib npaug thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis raug.
Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Ua Haujlwm
Container tshuaj xyuas
Tsis tu ncua xyuas ntau lub ntim thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog tias pom muaj kev puas tsuaj, lawv yuav tsum tau hloov raws sijhawm. Txwv tsis pub, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sim ua yam tsis muaj kev paub yog qhov tsis xav txog.
Pressure xaiv
Nco ntsoov paub tus nqi siab tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev sim, thiab xaiv qhov kev ntsuas siab tshaj plaws los ua qhov kev sim hauv qhov kev tso cai siab. Txwv tsis pub, lub siab yuav tsawg dhau thiab yuav tsis ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov kev sim reactor. Tej zaum yuav txaus ntshai heev.
Qhov chaw sim
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg tsis tuaj yeem nqa tawm tsis tu ncua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv siab, uas muaj cov kev xav tau siab dua ntawm qhov chaw sim. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua qhov kev sim, qhov chaw sim yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm qhov kev xeem.
Clean
Ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov autoclave. Tom qab txhua qhov kev sim, nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav. Thaum muaj impurities hauv nws, tsis txhob pib qhov kev sim yam tsis tau kev tso cai.
ntsuas kub
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, tus pas ntsuas kub yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha hauv txoj kev raug, txwv tsis pub, qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov ntsuas yuav tsis raug, tab sis qhov kev sim yuav ua tsis tiav.
Skhoom siv fety
Ua ntej qhov kev sim, ua tib zoo xyuas txhua yam khoom siv kev nyab xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev nyab xeeb valve, thiaj li ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb no tseem raug tshuaj xyuas, kho thiab tswj tsis tu ncua.
xovxwm
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob siab siab xav tau qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tshwj xeeb, thiab qhov kev xaiv dav dav yog ntsuas ntsuas siab rau oxygen. Yog tias koj xaiv lub ntsuas ntsuas siab rau lwm cov pa roj, nws yuav ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo.
Emergency teb ntsuas
1.Qhov kub thiab txias ntau lawm tuaj yeem tswj tsis tau
Thaum qhov kub thiab txias ntau lawm nce sai thiab tswj tsis tau, ceev ceev kaw tag nrho cov khoom inlet li qub; tam sim ntawd nres stirring; ceev nrooj kaw qhov cub (los yog dej kub) cua sov valve, thiab qhib cov dej txias (los yog dej txias) cua txias valve; sai sai qhib lub qhov cua valve; Thaum lub venting valve thiab kub thiab siab yog tseem tswj tsis tau, sai sai qhib lub discharging valve nyob rau hauv qab ntawm cov khoom pov tseg cov khoom; thaum cov kev kho mob saum toj no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev tso tawm ntawm lub hauv qab tso tawm valve tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, tam sim ceeb toom rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tshaj tawm kom khiav tawm ntawm qhov chaw.
2.Ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj lom thiab teeb meem tshuaj leaked
Thaum muaj ntau cov tshuaj lom thiab cov teeb meem tshwm sim, ceeb toom tam sim ntawd rau cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob ib puag ncig kom khiav tawm ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia upwind; ceev nrooj hnav lub tshuab ua pa zoo kom kaw (lossis kaw) cov kua dej lom thiab tsim kev puas tsuaj; Thaum lub valve tsis tuaj yeem raug kaw, ceev ceev ceeb toom rau downwind direction (los yog plaub lub lis piam) units thiab cov neeg ua hauj lwm kom disperse los yog ceev faj, thiab tshuaj tsuag tus neeg saib xyuas kev kho mob raws li cov khoom yam ntxwv rau kev nqus, dilution thiab lwm yam kev kho mob. Thaum kawg, muaj cov nchuav rau kev pov tseg kom raug.
3.Ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm flammable thiab explosive tshuaj xau
Thaum muaj cov khoom tawg yooj yim thiab tawg ntau heev, hnav lub tshuab nqus pa kom ceev ceev kom kaw (lossis kaw) lub qhov hluav taws xob thiab tawg tawg; Thaum lub foob pob hluav taws thiab tawg tawg tsis tuaj yeem raug kaw, ceev ceev ceeb toom rau cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog downwind) cov neeg ua haujlwm kom tsis txhob qhib nplaim taws thiab kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm uas yuav ua rau tawg, thiab ceev nrooj nres lwm yam khoom lossis kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig, thiab yog tias ua tau, txav cov nplaim taws thiab tawg tawg mus rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb rau kev pov tseg. Thaum cov roj xau tau raug kub hnyiab, lub valve yuav tsum tsis txhob raug kaw kom nrawm, thiab yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv flashback thiab cov roj concentration nce mus txog qhov txwv tsis pub ua kom tawg.
4. Tam sim ntawd nrhiav kom paub qhov ua rau lom thaum tib neeg raug mob
Thaum tib neeg raug mob, qhov ua rau muaj tshuaj lom yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas tam sim ntawd thiab kho kom zoo; Thaum muaj kev lom neeg los ntawm kev nqus pa, tus neeg raug mob yuav tsum tau txav mus rau qhov cua tshiab nyob rau hauv upwind direction. Yog tias qhov tshuaj lom hnyav heev, xa mus rau tsev kho mob kom cawm tau; yog hais tias tus kab mob yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj, haus dej sov txaus, ua kom ntuav, los yog detoxify cov mis nyuj los yog qe dawb, los yog noj lwm yam tshuaj mus rau ntws; Yog hais tias muaj kab mob lom los ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tshem tawm cov khaub ncaws tsis huv tam sim ntawd, yaug nrog cov dej ntws loj, thiab nrhiav kev kho mob; thaum tus neeg raug mob tsis ua pa, ua pa sai sai; thaum tus neeg mob lub plawv nres, ua ceev ceev ceev ceev kom tshem tawm lub plawv; Thaum tus neeg lub cev ntawm daim tawv nqaij raug kub hnyiab nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam loj, tam sim ntawd ntxuav nrog dej kom txaus Ntxuav lub burnt nto, yaug li 15 feeb, thiab ceev faj kom tsis txhob txias thiab frostbite, thiab tam sim ntawd xa mus rau lub tsev kho mob rau kev kho mob tom qab. hloov mus rau cov khaub ncaws uas tsis muaj kuab paug.
